Section 4 discusses available software, and we conclude with a brief discussion in section. Or, the respondent data is somehow separated from the final report in the. Snowball subject recruitment sage research methods. Respondent driven sampling rds is a sampling method designed to generate unbiased estimates of population characteristics for populations where a sampling frame is not available. Rds may generate biased estimates if coupons are distributed nonrandomly or if potential recruits present for interview non. Respondentdriven sampling columbia university mailman. Connect your linkedin or facebook profile to respondent so that we can verify your demographic and employment data. Respondent driven sampling rds is a popular networkbased method for sampling from hidden population. Respondent driven sampling rds is a linktracing procedure for surveying hidden or hardtoreach populations in which subjects recruit other subjects via their social network. Rds was developed to address the issue of bias associated with snowball sampling in qualitative research. Also key is following a standardized protocol to help ensure reproducibility over time and comparability across locations.
We conducted the first study to evaluate rds by comparing fieldcollected rds. Webbased respondent driven sampling rds researchsite management. Respondent driven sampling can be used as a sampling method to recruit research participants from a hardtoreach population. Respondent driven sampling involves both a field sampling technique and custom estimation procedures that correct for the presence of homophily on attributes in the population. Home about us solutions services products contact us links faq end user agreement contact us. Music hi, in this module i am going to be introducing respondent driven sampling. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemiology middle east africa, northern 2.
Respondent driven sampling rds is a type of sampling method used to survey rare and hard to reach populations. Play any software instrument in logic pro x from your ipad or iphone and easily shape your sound as you go. The rds recruitment process is designed to spread through the social network connecting members of the target. The laboratory can be linked to capture results directly onto the system. Respondentdriven sampling in a study of drug users in new.
Existing rds estimators are asymptotically unbiased based on various underlying assumptions. While some positivist methodologists present nonprobability sampling as intrinsically inferior to probability sampling e. In such hardtoreach populations, a sampling frame for the target population is not available, and members are difficult to identify or recruit from broader. Beginning with a convenience sample, participants pass coupons to invite their contacts to join the sample.
The existing software to analyze rds data is rds analysis tool rdsat. In this video you will learn ow to import respondent driven sampling rds data into respondent driven sampling analysis tool rdsat. Formative research to optimize respondent driven sampling surveys among hardtoreach populations in hiv behavioral and biological surveillance. Estimates from rds studies may have poor statistical properties due to statistical dependence in sampled subjects traits. Although, rds has evolved by addressing major issues involved with the snowball sampling method, the issue of how the presence. Aug 15, 2016 presentation by giovanna merli on day 4 of social networks and health workshop at duke university. An alternative method for deriving the population estimate draws on the logic of the rec. Respondentdriven sampling written by paul johnson, so i was excited for the aapor webinar on hardtoreach populations because i really feel like this is the hardest nut to crack in the industry. Qr and standard barcodes are compatible with the system. Introduction to hiv aids and sexually transmitted infection. Respondentdriven sampling datasets uk data service. Aug 04, 2015 this requires the study to conduct surveys among a population of hardtoreach and hardtorecruit research subjects, which is when respondentdriven sampling is most useful heckathorn 1997. Package rds december 14, 2019 type package title respondent driven sampling version 0.
Similar to snowball sampling, initial seed respondents recruit additional respondents from their network of friends. However, practices leading to successful recruitment among diverse populations in lowresource settings are seldom reported. Respondentdriven sampling rds is widely used to sample hidden. The first step in respondentdriven sampling is to recruit an initial set of. Workshop on respondent driven sampling analyst software by the hardtoreach population methods research group we are. Many extend this assumption with the following logic. Respondent driven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling getting individuals to refer those they know, these individuals in turn refer those they know and so on with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a nonrandom way. Rds analyst has an easytouse graphical user interface to the powerful and sophisticated capabilities of the computer package r. Respondentdriven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from. Introduction to hivaids and sexually transmitted infection surveillance. Respondent driven sampling rds is a recently developed method used to sample hidden and hard to reach populations such as injecting drug users, commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men. Introduction respondent driven sampling rds is a variant of a linktracing design intended for generating unbiased estimates of the composition of hidden populations that typically involves giving participants several coupons to recruit their peers into the study. Logic provides government entities across the state with solid investment returns, portfolio liquidity, diversification and exceptional systems and services.
Logic is a aaa rated local government investment pool created by texas local government officials who understand the specific needs and challenges of investing public funds. Douglas heckathorn, a professor of sociology at cornell and has been applied to groups ranging from men who have sex with men, injection drug users, children. A recent development in sampling methodology, respondentdriven sampling rds, was designed to overcome some of these limitations by providing breadth of coverage with statistical validity. A fuzzy logic based estimator for respondent driven sampling. Respondent driven sampling rds is the method used for sampling from hardtoreach human populations. Respondentdriven sampling the comprehensive r archive. New methods for inference from respondentdriven sampling data. Respondentdriven sampling, w ebbased respondentdriven sampling. Custom software for windows 9598 written by the author implements the. This paper extends the respondentdriven sampling method to show that. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling getting individuals to refer those they know, these individuals in turn refer those they know and so on with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a nonrandom way. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a recently developed method used to sample hidden and hard to reach populations such as injecting drug users, commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men. Rds sampling consists of the following three steps.
Respondent driven sampling rds, a linktracing sampling and inference method for studying hardtoreach populations, has been shown to produce asymptotically unbiased population estimates when its assumptions are satisfied. Respondent driven sampling rds is a network sampling technique typically employed for hardtoreach populations e. A fuzzy logic based estimator for respondent driven sampling of. Respondent driven sampling rds is used in a variety of settings to study hardtoreach populations at risk for hiv and sexually transmitted infections.
Seeds should be diverse and wellnetworked, but they do not need to be chosen randomly. Analyses were carried out for the full rds sample and then repeated for the first 250 recruits small sample. Provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondentdriven sampling. A sampling technique that is often used for the study of hidden populations, that may not be accessible via the traditional sampling techniques that we talked about in the previous modules. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a nonrandom way. Rds is a type of snowball sampling used for analyzing characteristics of hidden or hardtoreach populations.
Rds analysis tool lets you perform respondentdriven sampling analysis. Interactive mode allows users to analyze one file at a time using interactive pointandclick menus. For example, if we are public health researchers trying to understand health risks associated with illegal. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a survey method for hidden populations that relies on social link tracing. Conduct video calls, phone calls, inperson discussions or online research.
Johnston lg, whitehead s, simiclawson m, kendall c. Respondentdriven sampling rds allows researchers to collect primary data from traditionally hardtoreach populations. It is predicated on the recognition that peers are better able than outreach workers and researchers to locate and recruit other members of a hidden population. The existing software to analyze rds data is rds analysis tool rdsat, and it can. The use of snowball sampling in research on hidden populations created a widespread perception of snowball sampling in particular and chainreferral methods in general as convenience sampling methods. Heckathorn, university of connecticut a population is hidden when no sampling frame exists and public acknowledgment of membership in. This video is part of a series on how to analyze data from. Press enter to expand submenu, click to visit math and logic pagemath and logic. When invited to a study, you will be able to select a time that fits your schedule.
Respondent driven sampling rds is n approach to sampling design and inference in hardtoreach human populations. Respondentdriven sampling rds, introduced by heckathorn 1997 is an approach to sampling from hardtoreach human populations in the interest of conducting statistical inference, typically on population proportions. Similar to snowball sampling, initial seed respondents recruit additional respondents from. Bss data analysis importing rds data into rdsat youtube. Respondent driven sampling rds,1 a relatively new method being used to draw probability samples of hidden populations, incorporates some methods of snowball sampling, such as chain referral sampling, but includes additional provisions to minimize bias. Chainreferral sampling that starts with a limited number of seeds who refer their peers. Rds analyst install hardtoreach population methods. Effectiveness of respondentdriven sampling for recruiting. A respondentdriven sampling rds survey was carried out in this population, employing current methods of sampling rds sample and statistical inference rds estimates.
Respondentdriven sampling rds is a modified form of chainreferral sampling with a mathematical system for weighting the sample to compensate for its not having been drawn randomly. Respondent driven sampling 243 this paper makes two main contributions. New methods for inference from respondent driven sampling data krista j. Although the method is often effective at attaining large and varied samples, its reliance on convenience samples, social network. Implementation of webbased respondentdriven sampling among.
Improved inference for respondentdriven sampling data. This may be a convenient sample, where the researcher goes to a venue where known members of the population congregate. Respondent driven sampling rds is a variant of a linktracing design that is designed to generate unbiased estimates of the prevalence of a disease or risk factors, or other characteristics, in a socially networked population. The package is part of the rds analyst suite of packages for the analysis of respondent driven. Gile university of massachusetts, amherst joint work with mark s.
Identification of homophily and preferential recruitment. Respondent driven sampling rds has become increasingly popular for sampling hidden populations, including injecting drug users idu. Logical checks with error messages were used for interdependent questions. First developed in 1997 by douglas heckathorn, it is commonly used in hiv research, where groups at high risk of disease exposure are hardtoreach such as sex workers and illicit drug users.
In addition to the capacity to recruit research participants from hardtoreach populations, there is an rds statistical software package available that allows researchers to analyze their data using the rds mathematical. Respondentdriven sampling rds is a type of sampling increasingly used to sample from hidden populations, such as men who have sex with men msm,injection drug users, the homeless, and immigrants. Test of a hybrid method of sampling the lgbt population. As a variant of a chainreferral sampling, it does not require the development of a sampling frame. Respondentdriven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations connected by an underlying social network of relations. This method is a type of chain referral or snowball sampling in which an estimator is used to infer the proportion of the population with that property. Bryant research systems developed respondent driven sampling software that generates the unique serial numbering used to link a participant and their social network and convert it into a barcode. Respondentdriven sampling to recruit incountry migrant. It is from the former that the method draws its name. Respondent driven sampling rds employs a variant of a linktracing network sampling strategy to collect data from hardtoreach populations. Point estimates, variance, degree measures, and outofequilibrium data.
Our matching algorithm will send you research studies that fit your profile. This is typically achieved through the distribution of coupons by respondents to other members of the target population. The package is part of the rds analyst suite of packages for the analysis of respondent driven sampling data. A single weighting approach to analyze respondentdriven sampling. We implemented the first, integrated, biobehavioural surveillance survey among men.
Seeds are excluded in the calculations of average group degree because seeds were not recruited by peers salganik and heckathorn 2004, 215. The participant is tracked throughout the research site via the unique barcode. Webbased respondent driven sampling rds researchsite management, development and monitoring. Respondentdriven sampling rds, combines snowball sampling with a.
This method is a type of chain referral or snowball sampling in. Handcock description provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondent driven sampling. In this recruitment strategy, a participant recruits people he or she knows to be in the study, those new participants then recruit people they know to be in the study, and so on. Respondent driven sampling background first described in 1997 adopted by us cdc in early 2000s for use in hiv biological behavioral surveillance surveys endorsed by global fund, who and unaids for sampling hard to reach populations started to be noticed in late 2000s by other disciplines it is a sampling and analysis technique heckathorn dd. A fuzzy logic based estimator for respondent driven. Provides functionality for carrying out estimation with data collected using respondent driven sampling. Snowball subject recruitment, which can also be referred to as snowball sampling or chain referral and is associated with respondent driven sampling, is used as a method to recruit participants in a research study. Review people who have applied, then invite and schedule those who you think are the best fit for your research study. The importance of measuring and accounting for potential biases in. Introduction respondentdriven sampling rds is a variant of a. Respondent driven sampling manual rds is both a sampling and analysis technique so it is necessary to use diagnostic tools and the appropriate estimators for analysis.
It is often used in situations where the target population is rare andor stigmatized in the larger population, so that it is prohibitively expensive to contact them through the available frames. Handcock ucla june 22, 2012 research supported by nichd grant 7r29hd034957 and nida grant 7r01da012831, uw networks project martina. Pdf implementation and analysis of respondent driven sampling. Respondent driven sampling rds, a new form of chainreferral sampling, is designed to eliminate the bias caused by the nonrandom selection of the. Workshop on respondentdriven sampling analyst software. Home about us solutions services products contact us links faq end user agreement. Recruitment used a social network respondent driven sampling design in which each seed was asked to recruit three friends, and those friends were asked to recruit three friends, for a total of. When youre finished, easily pay research participants through the respondent platform. Improved inference for respondentdriven sampling data with application to hiv prevalence estimation krista j. As an example of the logic, if we find that, a, the proportion of the final rds. Introduction to respondentdriven sampling world health organization.
Implementation and analysis of respondent driven sampling. Respondent driven sampling rds, introduced by heckathorn 1997, also 2002, 2007, see also salganik and heckathorn, 2004, volz and heckathorn 2008 is an approach to sampling design and inference in hardtoreach populations. Logic remote wirelessly connects your ios device to your mac and adds the power of multitouch control to your performances and mixes. By tracing the links in the underlying social network, the process exploits the social structure to expand the sample and reduce its dependence on the initial convenience sample. It is also a logical first inferential question to address and may be less.
Estimating hidden population size using respondentdriven. May 25, 2012 for submitting all required data to cdc in a timely manner through the data coordinating center dcc data portal. Rds analyst rdsa is a software package for the analysis of respondentdriven sampling rds data that implements recent advances in statistical methods. This includes heckathorns rdsi and rdsii estimators as well as giles sequential sampling estimator. A fuzzy logic based estimator for respondent driven sampling of complex networks fatemi, s, salehi, m, veisi, h and jalili, m 2018, a fuzzy logic based estimator for respondent driven sampling of complex networks, physica a. It is effectively used to avoid bias in snowball sampling. Hidden population size estimation from respondentdriven. Rdscm can be run on any machine which has a java runtime environment installed on it. We are currently improving the ease of use of the software and.
All rds studies begin with a small number of seeds from the target population e. Each sampling strategy is appropriate in some circumstances and inappropriate in others. Methods for inference from respondentdriven sampling data. Respondentdriven sampling rds is widely used to sample. Respondent driven sampling is a form of snowball sampling which allows researchers to make estimates about hidden population such as the three groups at highest risk for hivaids. The respondent driven sampling participant data is linked to unique serial number and attached to any hard copies and laboratory samples for easy capturing. Feb 17, 2014 bryant research systems developed respondent driven sampling software that generates the unique serial numbering used to link a participant and their social network and convert it into a barcode. Snowball versus respondentdriven sampling request pdf. A new approach to the study of hidden populations douglas d. Institution based sampling respondent driven sampling time location sampling targeted sampling key to any sampling method is the methods ability to potentially reach all members of the priority population. It produces population estimates that are asymptotically. Respondent driven sampling is a commonly used method for sampling from hardtoreach human populations connected by an underlying social network of relations. The respondent driven sampling coupon manager rdscm provides a convenient way to keep track of coupons numbers and respondent compensation and is developed by douglas heckathorn. There is signi cant research interest in detecting clustering or dependence of epidemiological traits in.
Section 4 discusses available software, and we conclude with a brief. Novel sampling design for respondentdriven sampling. Respondent driven sampling rds is a linktracing procedure used in epidemiologic research on hidden or hardtoreach populations in which subjects recruit others via their social networks. Driven sampling methodology, we have developed a software.
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